NOTES ON ATHLETICS AND BALL GAMES

  LONG JUMP The long jump is a track and field event where athletes combine speed, strength, and agility to leap as far as possible from a takeoff point into a sand-filled pit. It is one of the horizontal jumps, emphasizing distance over height. Equipment and Facilities 1) Runway: A straight track, at least 40 meters long and 1.22 meters wide, leading to the takeoff board. The surface is typically the same as the running track. White lines mark the boundaries. 2) Take-off Board: A white rectangular board measuring 1.22 meters long, 0.20 meters wide, and not more than 0.10 meters deep. It is flush with the runway surface. A foul line is at the edge closest to the landing pit. Some facilities have a plasticine indicator board just beyond the foul line to help officials detect if a jumper has overstepped. 3) Landing Area/Pit: A sand-filled pit at least 2.75 meters wide and 6 meters long, with the near edge typically 1 meter from the takeoff board. The sand should be level and moist to...

ATHLETICS JUMPS: High Jump The high jump is a track and field event where athletes jump over a horizontal bar placed at Increasing heights. The objective is to clear the bar without knocking it down. It requires a combination of speed, power, agility, and precise technique. Equipment and Facilities 1. Uprights/Standards: Two rigid vertical posts that support the crossbar. They must be stable and allow for easy adjustment of the crossbar height. 2. Crossbar: A lightweight horizontal bar, typically made of fiberglass or aluminum, resting on supports at each upright. It is designed to fall easily if touched by the jumper. The standard length is 4 meters. 3. Landing Area/Pit: A cushioned area, usually made of foam rubber, where the athletes land after clearing the bar. The minimum size is 5 meters long x 3 meters wide. Safety is paramount, and the landing area must adequately absorb the impact of the jump. Outdoor facilities often have a base or platform to protect the mat from dirt and wa...