NOTES ON ATHLETICS AND BALL GAMES

Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players each. The fundamental objective is for one team to score the most runs while the opposing team tries to dismiss (get out) the batters  1. Origin of Cricket (Early Beginnings – 13th to 17th Century) The exact origin of cricket is uncertain, but most historians believe it began in England during the 13th century. It likely started as a children’s game played in the countryside of southeast England, particularly in Kent, Sussex, and Surrey. The word “cricket” is thought to come from the Old English or Dutch words: “Cryce” or “cricc” meaning stick. “Krikket” in Dutch meaning club or stick. The earliest definite reference to cricket was in 1597, in a court case in Guildford, England, which mentioned that the game had been played on common land. 2. Early Development and Formalization (17th–18th Century) By the 17th century, cricket had evolved into an organized sport played by adults and even nobility. Village matches ...

🏐 History and Development of Volleyball 1. Origin and Invention (1895) Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, a physical education director at the YMCA in Holyoke, Massachusetts, USA. Morgan originally called the game “Mintonette.” He designed it as a less physically demanding alternative to basketball, which had been invented just four years earlier by James Naismith (a friend of Morgan’s). The idea was to create a game suitable for older members of the YMCA that encouraged teamwork, skill, and moderate exercise. 2. Early Development and Name Change (1896–1915) The first official demonstration of the game took place in 1896 at Springfield College. During that demonstration, someone noticed how the players volleyed the ball back and forth over the net, and suggested the name “Volleyball.” In the early rules: The net was 6 feet 6 inches high (1.98 meters). Each team had any number of players. The game consisted of nine innings, and each team was allowed three serves per ...