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ATHLETICS: JUMPS

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  LONG JUMP The long jump is a track and field event where athletes combine speed, strength, and agility to leap as far as possible from a takeoff point into a sand-filled pit. It is one of the horizontal jumps, emphasizing distance over height. Equipment and Facilities 1) Runway: A straight track, at least 40 meters long and 1.22 meters wide, leading to the takeoff board. The surface is typically the same as the running track. White lines mark the boundaries. 2) Take-off Board: A white rectangular board measuring 1.22 meters long, 0.20 meters wide, and not more than 0.10 meters deep. It is flush with the runway surface. A foul line is at the edge closest to the landing pit. Some facilities have a plasticine indicator board just beyond the foul line to help officials detect if a jumper has overstepped. 3) Landing Area/Pit: A sand-filled pit at least 2.75 meters wide and 6 meters long, with the near edge typically 1 meter from the takeoff board. The sand should be level and moist to...
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HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF CRICKET

Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players each. The fundamental objective is for one team to score the most runs while the opposing team tries to dismiss (get out) the batters  1. Origin of Cricket (Early Beginnings – 13th to 17th Century) The exact origin of cricket is uncertain, but most historians believe it began in England during the 13th century. It likely started as a children’s game played in the countryside of southeast England, particularly in Kent, Sussex, and Surrey. The word “cricket” is thought to come from the Old English or Dutch words: “Cryce” or “cricc” meaning stick. “Krikket” in Dutch meaning club or stick. The earliest definite reference to cricket was in 1597, in a court case in Guildford, England, which mentioned that the game had been played on common land. 2. Early Development and Formalization (17th–18th Century) By the 17th century, cricket had evolved into an organized sport played by adults and even nobility. Village matches ...
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TENNIS 🎾 OVERVIEW

 INTRODUCTION TO TENNIS Tennis is a competitive racket sport played between two players (singles) or two teams of two players (doubles). The aim is to hit a felt-covered ball over a net into the opponent’s court in such a way that the opponent cannot legally return it. Tennis is both a physical and mental sport, requiring: Speed and agility Strength and endurance Hand-eye coordination Tactical thinking Emotional control under pressure It is played professionally, recreationally, and at school levels worldwide. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF TENNIS Tennis has a long and interesting evolution: Early Origins The earliest form of tennis began in 12th-century France as “Jeu de Paume” (game of the palm). Players originally hit the ball with their hands. It was mostly played in monasteries and royal courts. Development of Equipment By the 16th century, rackets made of wood and string replaced the hand. Balls were originally made of leather stuffed with hair or wool. Modern Lawn Tennis Modern ...
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